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Like Plato’s Philosopher Kings, Hernstein and Murray found that the best jobs in America were held by the cognitive elite and the worst jobs, usually manual labor, were done by the less intellectually endowed. In 2012, the work of Charles Murray (2012), Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010, again raised uncomfortable questions about the economic divide in America. He argued that the 1960 economic decline affected not only minorities but also led to the moral and economic bifurcation among white Americans. He believed that class differences in the white race changed after 1960, which resulted in two highly segregated white classes: the upper and lower white classes characterized by educational attainment, resulting in a cognitive elite.