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In the male-dominated psychological world which believed that intelligence was inherited, Leta Stetter Hollingworth (1886–1939) was a woman pioneer in psychology who provided a quite different viewpoint on the nature of intelligence After her work at the Clearing House for Mental Defectives administering the Binet-Simon Test, she began to question whether intelligence was inherited. In her testing, she found that many so-called defective children were normal and began to view social maladjustment as a major cause of intellectual deficiencies.