Fig 1.11 – Phrenology
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A student of Gall, Johann Spurzheim (1776–1832) popularized the theory of bumps on the skull and coined the term phrenology, rooted in Greek, meaning “mind” or “knowledge”. Gall preferred faculties of the brain rather than phrenology partly because he felt Spurzheim had stolen his ideas and partly because phrenology sounded more philosophical and less scientific. Phrenology symbolizes the entry of psychology into the study of psychobiology, the belief that the brain and mind are integrated physiological processes that determines human behavior.