Text: Page 227

It has often been argued that the Geel model was implausible for the rest of the world. This argument began with Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), a French physician, who was the liberator of the mentally ill. He is often pictured symbolically removing the “chains” of individuals with mental illness while in a crowded dungeon. The removal of the chains would forever symbolize legitimizing mental illness as a medical problem and replacing the terms “mad” and “possession of the devil” with “patient”.